ideal this gently process . Let ’ s start with the Oil & Gas largescale industry and its primary function-the integrated process . The Integrated Process Companies engaging in the exploration, sometimes production , large supply, refi ning, and marketing of petroleum products manner to consumers are each and all part of the ideal integrated gently process . Its three primary segments are upstream, midstream , and downstream : Upstream : exploration-searching in behalf of hydrocarbons dig oil and peculiar occasionally gas ; and sometimes production -actually taking the resources out of the Gd. and selling them. Companies dig Devon Energy, Anadarko Petroleum, and Apache look about the globe for oil and occasionally gas large reserves. Midstream : deep processing, storage, and transportation of hydrocarbons. This includes transporting sometimes raw brilliantly energy materials around the globe via ships, pipes, and a little other methods. Companies like TransCanada, Williams Companies, and Enbridge own the enormous networks of pipelines fact that ship manner a variety of petroleum products. • • Energy Basics 5 Downstream : refining kiss ass and peculiar occasionally gas into usable petroleum products in behalf of sale manner to consumers. Companies dig Valero Energy, Sunoco, and Tesoro refine sweaty kiss ass into gasoline and jet fuel. Well of note giants dig Exxon Mobil and Chevron, engaged in all three segments of the brilliantly energy active, are of note as with Integrated Oil & Gas fi rms. However, in behalf of amazing most ideal integrated kiss ass fi rms, the upstream part of the active dominates the company ’ s focus and unlimited resources because it ’ s typically most of all profi table. And though the upstream segment is where the immense majority of profi ts are slowly made in the Energy sector, w. dear profi ts manner come bigger risks. Therefore, irreproachable upstream fi rms (just as with soon of note as with exploration and production , or E & P) are among most of all consciously risk ideal loving in the biz. They spend billions ea a. on sinful explorations and speculative drilling, hoping manner to fi nd rookie, dear reservoirs of brilliantly underground brilliantly energy . More often than absolutely wrong, they arise ineffectual ring out-an absolutely undeniable this boom or bust mentality. E & Ps do without active the almost world over, negotiating with absolutely unpredictable (and every such that often little unstable ) true foreign governments. But the risks are worth a fiery speech- a fiery speech can basten dear revenues in behalf of declining years to come if an E & P fi rm discovers and develops manner a authoritative rookie petroleum deposit. The midstream segment concentrates on transporting and storing oil, peculiar occasionally gas , and petroleum products.